Repensando las definiciones jurídicas del patrimonio cultural desde una perspectiva de género y decolonial
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48035/rhsj-gh.32.4Palabras clave:
definición del patrimonio cultural, derecho internacional, derechos humanos, perspectiva de género, enfoque decolonialResumen
La protección del patrimonio cultural es vital para la supervivencia de la identidad cultural, la memoria colectiva y la preservación de valores profundamente integrados. Un requisito previo para ello es una definición bien elaborada del patrimonio cultural en el derecho internacional. Sin embargo, los marcos jurídicos internacionales actuales suelen reflejar legados coloniales y patriarcales, perpetuando desigualdades sistémicas y marginando a las culturas no occidentales. Este artículo examinará críticamente las definiciones y normas del derecho internacional del patrimonio cultural, revelando cómo la colonialidad del poder, el conocimiento y el patrimonio continúan dominando las narrativas globales. A pesar de la interconexión entre el patrimonio tangible e intangible, los instrumentos jurídicos existentes siguen presentando deficiencias, socavando los derechos de los depositarios del patrimonio y subestimando las prácticas tradicionales de las mujeres. El actual «discurso autorizado sobre el patrimonio» refuerza la dominación occidental, limitando la preservación y el acceso equitativos. Para salvaguardar el patrimonio para las generaciones futuras, abogamos por un enfoque inclusivo y basado en los derechos humanos que aborde las barreras sistémicas, integre perspectivas de género y decoloniales, y redefina el patrimonio cultural para alinearse con los principios de derechos humanos.
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